0. Executive Summary
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Judgment axis

detail

Item IdentitySwiss chard is a leafy vegetable belonging to the Beta vulgaris lineage. On Nongsaroo, it is referred to as Beta vulgaris var. cicla or subsp. cicla and is described as belonging to the genus Swiss chard in the family Chenopodiaceae. ( Nongsaroo )
Key roleThe leaves and leaf stalks are edible, and it is an item that can be converted into soup, seasoned vegetable dishes, blanched dishes, stir-fries, school meals, restaurant meals, fresh-cut products, young leaves, and colorful vegetable products.
Harvest characteristicsDue to the strong regenerative capacity of its leaves, it is possible to harvest not only the entire plant at once but also sequentially by repeatedly picking the outer leaves. ( Nongsaroo )
Harvesting principleCreate a Lot by checking leaf size, leaf color, petiole color, leaf thickness, wounds, yellowing, wilting, bolting, pests and diseases, and harvest cycle.
Product separationSeparate general green chard, red-angled and colored chard, Swiss chard varieties, young leaves, harvested whole plants, sequentially harvested leaves, washed and cut products, and blanched and food ingredients.
Separation of similar itemsSpinach is a separate Plant Entity, identified as Spinacia oleracea. Although beets and sugar beets belong to the same Beta vulgaris species group, they are separated into Product Entities from Swiss chard because their primary purposes are root production and sugar production, respectively. ( Nongsaroo )
Growth characteristicsNongsaroo suggests an optimal growth temperature of 15–18°C and an optimal germination temperature of 25°C, explaining that while it prefers a cool climate, it is relatively resistant to both heat and cold. ( Nongsaroo )
soilNongsaroo suggests deep, well-drained sandy or clay soils, and neutral to slightly alkaline soils with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 as suitable sites .
Cultivation methodBased on Nongsaroo standards, cultivation is possible in spring, summer, and autumn; in some cultivation methods, it can overwinter after the autumn harvest and be harvested again the following spring. ( Nongsaroo )
Domestic statisticsThe finalized national statistical values ​​for the 2025 or latest nationwide modern chard cultivation area and production volume could not be obtained in this verification. They will be entered later after cross-verification with raw data from national statistics, KOSIS, local governments, and public distribution.
Safety ManagementIn the agricultural product classification of Food Safety Korea, Swiss chard is classified as a leafy vegetable. ( Food Safety Korea )
Operating PrinciplesConnects variety, color, cultivation type, harvesting method, number of harvests, harvest date, lot, pesticides, washing, cutting, blanching, refrigerated distribution, and buyer evaluation.
Final goalIt connects the RFQs, delivery, inspection, claims, and repurchase of farmers, producer organizations, on-site distribution, pre-processing facilities, catering/restaurants, meal kits/HMR, distribution/PB buyers.
1. Plant Identity & Product Master

division

Registration details

Korean namemodern
English nameLeaf beet / Chard / Swiss chard
Representative scientific nameBeta vulgaris var. cicla / Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla — Parallel management of notation by source ( Nongsaroo )
Top SpeciesBeta vulgaris
classificationBased on data from the Rural Development Administration, Chenopodiaceae, genus Swiss chard ( Nongsaroo )
Edible partsLeaves, petioles, young leaves
Non-edible · Separate managementRoots, seeds, seedlings for cultivation, flower stalks and seed products after bolting, diseased and decayed parts
Major harvesting stagesYoung leaves → Early marketable leaves → Sequentially harvested leaves → Mature plant → Regenerated leaves after overwintering → Bolting and flowering stage
Basic product formGreen Swiss chard, Red ascension Swiss chard, Colored Swiss chard, Young leaves, Bundle chard, Head type, Washed chard, Cut chard, Raw material for blanching, Fresh-cut
Basic processing stageSowing → Growth → Thinning → Sequential harvesting of outer leaves or harvesting of entire plants → Sorting → Cooling → Washing → Dehydration → Cutting → Blanching → Cooling → Subdivision and packaging
Basic useSoup, seasoned greens, blanched dishes, stir-fried dishes, some wraps and salads, school and public meals, eating out, meal kits, HMR, Fresh-cut
Similarity PrincipleIt is managed as a separate Plant/Product Entity from spinach, beets, sugar beets, mallow, bok choy, etc.

Product Master

Product Master

Key Management Standards

General green modernVariety, leaf size, leaf color, leaf stalk, harvest date
Right Ascension ModernLeaf stalk redness, leaf color, uniformity, commercial use
Swiss chardVariety, petiole color, width, leaf size, salad, dining out use
White-winged large-leaf lineageLeaf width, leaf stalk, plant size, cooking uses
Young Swiss chardHarvest age, leaf size, color, hygiene
Sequential harvesting of Swiss chardHarvest cycle, harvest date, leaf size, regeneration status
Crop harvest Swiss chardPlant weight, number of leaves, uniformity, root pruning
Bundle modernityQuantity · Weight · Leaf Length · Packaging
Washed Swiss chardRaw Material Lot · Washing Water · Dehydration · Microorganisms
modern cuttingLeaf/petiole ratio, cutting length, washing
Swiss chard for blanchingRaw material specifications, blanching yield, color, and texture
For school mealsSafety, Standards, Finishing Rate, Delivery Time
For dining outLeaf size, cooking yield, and delivery cycle
Meal Kits · HMRWashing, cutting, portioning, refrigeration
Colorful Vegetable MixColored leaf stalks, young leaves, mixed composition
PB small packagingOrigin, Product Type, Weight, Brand
Selected itemsPossibility of yellowing, wounds, disease, non-standard, or processing conversion
2. Product Classification & Use Segmentation

Classification criteria

Subdivision type

Management principles

Species GroupSwiss chard / Beetroot / Sugar beetSame Beta vulgaris species, but separated into edible organs and industrial roles
Plant classificationSwiss chard / Spinach / Malva verticillata, etc.Consolidation Prohibited Based Solely on Similarity in Appearance or Cooking Use
Variety/ColorGreen / Right Ascension / White Ascension / Multicolor Swiss chardSeparation by variety and leaf stalk color
Harvesting stageYoung leaves / Marketable leaves / Mature leaves / Overwintering regenerated leaves / Before boltingSeparation of specifications by product
Harvesting methodSequential harvesting of outer leaves / Harvesting of whole plants / Harvesting of young leaves all at onceHarvest Type Required
Cultivation methodSpring / Summer / Autumn / Overwintering/RegenerationConnecting Nongsaroo's official schedule with actual local cultivation
Cultivation typeOpen field / Facility / OtherSeparation of production environment, quality, and harvest cycle
Distribution methodsRaw materials from the source / Bundling / Small packaging / Washing / Pre-processingStep-by-step Lot inheritance
Processing formWashing / Cutting / Blanching / Cooling / PortioningProcess Lot Separation
Final useHome / School Meals / Dining Out / Salad / Meal Kit / HMR / Private BrandSeparation of Buyer Specification
Transaction typeSource Procurement / Regular Supply / Contract Farming / Pre-processing / PBQuantity, unit price, and contract are Verified/NDA
3. Production, Harvest & Post-harvest

The Rural Development Administration suggests an optimal germination temperature of 25°C and a temperature of 15–18°C for seedling cultivation and growth, recommending deep, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0 as suitable site conditions. Swiss chard is relatively resistant to heat and cold, and flower stalks may elongate under high temperature and long-day conditions. ( Nongsaroo )

According to the cropping data on Nongsaroo, spring cultivation is presented as sowing from early March to late April and harvesting from late April to late June; summer cultivation as sowing from early May to late June and harvesting from late June to late July; and autumn cultivation as sowing from early September to late October and harvesting in November. ( Nongsaroo )

step

Essential Dataset

Management purpose

Cultivation planRegion, variety, cultivation type, area, contract statusEstimated supply
satelliteVariety · Seed Company · Seed LotVariety Traceability
sowingSowing date, sowing quantity, fieldProduction history
germinationGermination date, germination rate, temperatureEarly growth
ThinningTrue leaves, plant spacing, work daysUniformity of abandonment
soilpH · Soil depth · Organic matter · Drainagegrowing environment
WateringWater source, date, and quantityLeaf Growth and Wilt Management
disputeFertilizer, Input Amount, TimingLeaf regeneration and yield
risingTemperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine, and day lengthGrowth and bolting prediction
GrowthNumber of leaves, leaf length, width, petiole, colorHarvest forecasting
boltingFlower stalk emergence date, temperature, and day lengthProductability Management
pestsOccurrence, Damage, and ControlQuality and quantity
pesticideMedication, Date of Use, Safe Use PeriodPesticide residue verification
First harvest judgmentLeaf size, color, texture, and appearanceShipment begins
Sequential harvestingHarvest cycle, date, number of leaves, weightRepetitive Production Runtime
Harvest of headsPlant weight, number of leaves, harvest dateRaw Material Lot
Winter managementRemaining stock, low temperature, regenerated stateNext harvest potential
Regeneration harvestRegeneration Date · Harvest Cycle · QuantityLong-term productivity
SelectionLeaf size, color, wounds, yellowing, foreign matterBuyer specifications
coolingTemperature and timewilting inhibition
purifyingWashing water, method, and timeHygiene management
dehydrationTime and methodFresh-cut
cuttingLeaf, petiole length, cutting specificationsSchool Meals · HMR
blanchingTemperature, Time, YieldCooking and Pre-processing
packagingWeight, packaging material, and packaging dateTraceability
saveTemperature, humidity, and periodFreshness
deliveryRefrigeration Conditions · Time · BuyerCold-chain
Incoming inspectionSpecifications, foreign matter, wilting, colorDelivery evaluation
ClaimReason, Quantity, and ResponsibilitySupplier Score
RepurchaseBuyer · Product · QuantityNext cultivation plan
4. Quality Specification & Lot Management

Quality items

Fresh Swiss chard

Washing and cutting

Blanching · School Meals

Fresh-cut·Mix

Public rating

Origin·Variety·Farm·LotcorecorecorecoreVerified
Cultivation type and harvest datecorecoreimportancecoreVerified
Harvest cyclecoreimportanceimportanceimportanceVerified/NDA
Leaf sizecorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Leaf thicknessimportanceimportancecoreimportanceVerified/NDA
Leaf colorcorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Leaf stalk colorcorecoreimportancecoreVerified/NDA
Leaf stalk width and lengthimportancecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
textureimportancecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Yellowing and wiltingcorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
boltingcoreimportanceimportanceimportanceVerified/NDA
wounds/pressurescorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
pestscorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Soil and foreign mattercorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Pesticide usage recordscorecorecorecoreNDA
Pesticide Residue Test ReportcorecorecorecoreNDA
Cleaning historyBy productcorecorecoreNDA
microorganismimportancecorecorecoreNDA
Cutting specificationsNot applicablecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Blanching historyNot applicableNot applicablecoreBy productNDA
Packaging weightcorecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
refrigeration conditionsimportancecorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Expiration dateBy ProductcorecorecoreVerified/NDA
Incoming inspectionimportancecorecorecoreNDA
Returns and ClaimsimportancecorecorecoreNDA
RepurchaseimportancecorecorecoreNDA

Lot Master Required Field

Lot ID · Item · Product Type · Species Group · Scientific Name · Variety · Leaf Stalk Color · Cultivation Method · Crop Type · Origin · Cultivation Area · Producer · Sowing Date · Harvesting Method · Harvest Cycle · Harvest Date · Leaf Length · Width · Thickness · Color · Leaf Stalk Length · Width · Color · Plant Weight · Specifications · Grade · Bolting · Yellowing · Wilting · Damage · Pests · Foreign Matter · Pesticide Use History · Pesticide Residue · Microbial Test Report · Raw Material Lot · Washing · Dehydration · Cutting · Blanching History · Processing Yield · Packaging Date · Use-by Date · Storage Conditions · Shipper · Refrigerated Delivery · Incoming Inspection · Returns · Claims · Repurchase

5. Korea Market & Demand Structure

Customers

Purchase criteria

Cooperation opportunities

Farm and Producer OrganizationsVariety, Cultivation Type, Harvest Date, Specifications, QuantityJoint shipment and contract farming
Nonghyup · Production Area DistributionLeaf size, color, bundle, sortingJoint Selection RFQ
wholesale marketFreshness, Leaf Size, Weight, PackagingShipment from the production area
local foodProducer, region, harvest dateDirect transaction
Large-scale distributionAppearance, weight, small packaging, supply stabilityPB · Regular supply
food ingredient companySpecifications, Finishing Rate, Safety, Delivery TimeFoodservice and catering supply
School and public mealsPesticide residues, foreign matter, standards, inspectionSchool Meal RFQ
Hospital and welfare mealsPreparation rate, cooking ability, regular supplyContract delivery
Korean food service industrySuitability for leaves, leaf stalks, soup, and blanchingFoodservice RFQ
Hotel · RestaurantSwiss chard color, appearance, and special specificationsPremium RFQ
salad makerYoung leaves, colored leaf stalks, microorganismsBaby Leaf RFQ
Meal kit companyWashing, cutting, portioning, refrigerationPreprocessing Modern
HMR companiesBlanching, cooking yield, colorHMR ingredients
Online distributionOrigin, Harvest Date, Small PackagingDirect from the farm
PB business operatorProduct form, packaging, and regionalityModern PB
Seed companyVariety, Color, Heat Tolerance, YieldVariety verification
Research InstituteVariety · Harvest Cycle · Regeneration · Storagejoint research
local governmentLeafy vegetables · Local food · School meals · Greenhouse cultivationRegional Modern AX Project
6. Trade & Supply-chain Intelligence

step

Key variables

Operational judgment

satelliteVariety · Color · Seed LotProduct conformity
sowingCrop type, sowing date, regionExpected harvest
productionWeather, Soil, Irrigation, GrowthSupply risk
Sequential harvestingHarvest cycle, number of leaves, weightPossibility of repeat supply
Harvest of headsPlant weight and number of leavesRaw Material Lot
Overwintering and regenerationSurvival Week · Regeneration Day · HarvestExtension of production period
SelectionSize, color, damage, wiltingBuyer specifications
Cooling and packagingTemperature, Weight, PackagingFreshness
purifyingwater, foreign matter, microorganismsSchool Meals · Fresh-cut
cuttingLeaf and petiole specificationsHMR · School Meals
blanchingTemperature, Time, Yieldsemi-prepared food products
refrigerated distributionTemperature and timeQuality responsibility
RFQProduct · Specifications · Quantity · Delivery DateAI Match
contractQuantity, Unit Price, Inspection, ResponsibilityTerms of trade
deliveryLot · Quantity · DeliveryImplementation verification
Buyer ratingPrep rate, cooking yield, freshnessSupplier Score
RepurchaseReorders/Contract ExtensionsProduction planning feedback
7. Processing, By-products & PRP Intelligence

Products and processes

Key conditions

RFQ conversion

General green modernLeaf size, leaf color, and harvest dateRetail and Food Service RFQ
Right Ascension ModernLeaf stalk color, leaf size, and uniformityFood Service & Private Brand RFQ
Swiss chardMulticolored leaf stalks, size, and appearanceHotel & Salad RFQ
young leavesHarvesting stage, color, microorganismsBaby Leaf RFQ
Bundle modernityNumber, weight, and uniformityRetail RFQ
Washed Swiss chardWashing, dehydration, microorganismsSchool meals · Meal kits
modern cuttingLeaf-petiole ratio-cut sizeSchool Meals · HMR
Blanched Swiss chardBlanching time, cooling, and yieldNamul · HMR
semi-finished cooking productsBlanching · Portioning · RefrigerationDining Out & School Meals
Fresh-cut MixYoung leaves, colored chard, mixing ratioSalad · PB
Candidates for dried raw materialsRaw Material Lot · Dryness · Moisture · ColorFood ingredient verification
Powder candidateDrying, Grinding, Particle SizeFood material verification
Leaves excluded from selectionYellowing, Wounds, SafetySeparate verification of processing conversion
Leaf stalks and cultivation residuesAmount/StateReview of compost, animal feed, and resource utilization

PRP — Product Research Profile

PRP items

Details of investigation and verification

PRP-01 SpeciesModernity–Beet–Sugar Beet Relationship and Product Boundaries
PRP-02 varietyComparison of Native, Western, and Swiss Chards
PRP-03 petiole colorMarketability of green, white, red, and multi-colored
PRP-04 Spring CultivationSowing, Harvesting, Quality
PRP-05 Summer CultivationHigh temperature adaptation, growth, and yield
PRP-06 Autumn CultivationPossibility of shipment and overwintering
PRP-07 OverwinteringSurvival rate, regeneration, next harvest
PRP-08 Sequential HarvestQuantity and quality by harvest cycle
PRP-09 Head HarvestAbandoned weight · Commercialization rate
PRP-10Temperature, day length, variety, and marketability
PRP-11 cleaningForeign matter, wash water, microorganisms
PRP-12 blanchingColor, texture, and yield
PRP-13 Fresh-cutYoung leaves, cutting, refrigeration, microorganisms
PRP-14 feedTrimming rate, inspection, cooking yield
PRP-15 dining outColor, leaf stalk, cooking suitability
PRP-16 storageYellowing, wilting, and loss
PRP-17 BuyerSpecifications · MOQ · Delivery · Inspection
PRP-18 ReorderHarvest Cycle · Quality · Reorder
PRP-19 byproductUtilization of non-marketable leaves, leaf stalks, and residues
8. AX Transformation

first of all

Execution item

Performance indicators

1Make Variety, Crop Type, Harvesting Method, Harvest Cycle, Harvest Date, and Lot mandatory valuesRequired value input rate
2Green–Red-stem–Swiss chard–Young leaves–Washing–Blanching Product separationMisclassification reduction rate
3Linking weather, growth, and bolting dataAccuracy of Nomination Prediction
4Measuring leaf length, width, and area using AI videoAccuracy of specification judgment
5Automatic determination of leaf stalk color and widthVariety and Product Judgment Rate
6Image detection of chlorosis, wilting, and lesionsQuality detection rate
7Automatic recording of production volume by sequential harvesting cycleCompleteness of production data
8Yield and Regeneration Harvest PredictionSupply forecasting accuracy
9Pesticide Use – Harvest – Report LinkageDocument linkage rate
10Datafication of cleaning and microbiologyHygiene history rate
11Data conversion of yield before and after blanchingProcessing yield accuracy
12Cold-chain temperature and time trackingRefrigeration compliance rate
13Farm–School Meals–Restaurant–HMR Buyer AI MatchRFQ Match Rate
14Buyer Trimming Rate · Cooking Yield · Claim FeedbackDelivery conformity rate
15Reflect repurchase in the next planting and sequential harvesting planRepurchase linkage rate
9. Industry Problem Bank

Problem group

Problem Definition

Required data

A mixture of beat and wartimeConfused with the root vegetable beet due to the same Beta vulgarisSpecies · Edible Parts · Product
Spinach and market mixingTreated as the same item due to similar cooking methods and leaf shapesScientific name, variety, and specifications
Difference in scientific name notationThe notation for var. cicla and subsp. cicla varies by sourceTaxonomy · Source · Version
Mixed varietiesGreen, right ascension, and Swiss chard characteristics are not reflected in tradingVariety · Color · Buyer
Lack of sequential harvesting historyInsufficient tracking of the harvest cycle and quality of recurring cropsHarvest cycle, quantity, and quality
Mixed harvest of whole plants and leavesDifferences in specifications and productivity based on Harvest TypeHarvesting method, plant, leaf
boltingMarketability decreases due to flower stalk elongation under high temperatures and long days.Temperature, Day Length, Bolting
Leaf quality variationVariation in size, thickness, and colorVariety, Growth, Grade
Leaf stalk size deviationWidth, length, and color do not match Buyer's requirementsLeaf stalk · Buyer specifications
Yellowing and wiltingFreshness deterioration after harvestHarvest, Temperature, and Humidity
pestsDecrease in leaf marketability and yieldOccurrence, Control, and Damage
pesticide residuesNeed for safety management of leafy vegetablesPesticides, Harvest Date, Inspection
Soil and foreign matterForeign matter found between packaging and leaf stalksSorting, washing, and inspection
Washing hygieneMicrobial management is necessary after pretreatment.Washing water, process, microorganisms
Blanching yield variationYield difference based on leaf-to-petiole ratioRaw material and finished product weight
Discrepancy in school meal standardsDifferences in trimming rate, leaf size, and foreign matter standardsBuyer Specification
supply forecastingInability to utilize sequential harvesting characteristics in procurement planningGrowth, number of harvests, and estimated yield
Lack of wintering dataThe possibility of regeneration harvest after overwintering is not reflected in the supply plan.Overwintering, Survival, Regeneration
Raw Material–Processed Lot DisconnectionDifficulty tracing producers after washing and blanchingRaw Lot · Process Lot
Repurchase not reflectedBuyer rating is not linked to the next harvest/sowingInspection · Claims · Reorders
Lack of byproduct managementFailure to manage the amount of non-marketable leaves, leaf stalks, and residuesGeneration volume and treatment costs
10. Farmer RFQ & Collaboration Model

RFQ Type

Public Registration

Verify/NDA

General Green Modern ProcurementOrigin, variety group, specifications, shipping timeFarm · Quantity · Unit Price · Lot
Right Ascension ModernLeaf stalk color, leaf size, and usesVariety, Quantity, Price
Swiss chardColor composition, specifications, and food service useProducer · MOQ · Unit Price
young leavesLeaf size, color, packagingMicroorganisms, Quantity, Price
Regular supplyProduct · Period · Delivery ZoneWeekly Volume, Unit Price, and Contract
contract farmingVariety, Cultivation Type, and Quality StandardsArea, Quantity, Unit Price
Sequential harvest supplyVariety, Harvest Period, SpecificationsQuantity and unit price by batch
Washed Swiss chardWashing, Packaging, RefrigerationTest Report · MOQ · Price
modern cuttingCutting specifications · Uses · RefrigerationFacilities, Yield, Price
Blanched Swiss chardProduct form, packaging, and useProcess, Yield, Unit Price
School and public mealsSafety, Standards, Inspection, Delivery TimeTest Reports, Quantities, Contracts
dining outLeaf size, leaf stalk, shipping cyclePrice and cooking yield
saladYoung leaves, colored chard, hygieneMicroorganisms and prices
Meal kitWashing, cutting, and portioningSample · Expiration Date · Price
HMRBlanching, cooking, and heating suitabilityYield, Contract, Unit Price
Distribution Private BrandOrigin, Product Type, PackagingBrand · MOQ · Price
Technology demonstrationSequential harvesting, image sorting, and harvest predictionSensors, AI, Test Results
Research cooperationVariety · Overwintering · Bolting · Storage · ProcessingSamples and test results
local government cooperationLocal food, school meals, greenhouse leafy vegetablesFarms, Facilities, and Business Conditions
11. RFQ Request First

① Need Products & Materials

Companies and institutions seeking necessary products, agricultural products, raw materials, and processed goods register purchasing demands. Registered requests are utilized to review cooperation with potential suppliers and producers based on the RFQ Intelligence Library.

Process:
RFQ Registration → Supplier/Product Review → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Matching

Register


② We are looking for production and manufacturing partners. (Need Suppliers & Manufacturers)

Register a request to find necessary production and supply partners, ranging from farms and producer organizations to processing companies, OEM, ODM, and private label manufacturers.

Process:
RFQ Registration → Review of Production & Manufacturing Capabilities → Collaboration Connection → Future AI Partner Matching

Register


③ We are looking for domestic and international buyers. (Need Buyers)

Farmers, producer organizations, and manufacturing companies are requesting cooperation with new buyers, such as domestic and international distributors, importers, brand companies, and food service and catering businesses.

Process:
RFQ Registration → Product & Supply Capability Review → Market & Buyer Connection → Future AI Buyer Matching

Register

Contact : mail@markethub.org

Version History

Version

Main contents

situation

v1.0Modern plant identity · Species Group · Sequential harvesting · Washing · Blanching · Feeding · RFQ Basic structure registrationcomplete
v1.1Verification of raw data for official production, price, supply and demand, and taxonomy by nation and regionexpected
v2.0Green · Red Chard · Swiss Chard · Young Leaves · Washed · Blanched Product Specification Separationexpected
v3.0Farm – Sequential Harvesting – Pre-processing – Food Service/Restaurant – HMR/PB Buyer Verified Container Combinationexpected