Economy Type
Copper-Led Mining, Agriculture & Landlocked Corridor Economy
Copper-led mining, agriculture, and inland logistics corridor economy
Zambia is classified as a Copper-Led Mining, Agriculture & Landlocked Corridor Economy country.
Zambia is a resource-rich country located in the interior of Southern Africa, possessing copper, cobalt, nickel, gold, as well as agricultural and hydroelectric resources. The core of its economy is copper mining and related services, which are complemented by agriculture, food processing, construction, tourism, and transportation.
The IMF forecasts Zambia's real GDP growth rate at 4.3% and consumer price inflation at 9.0% in 2026. However, in May 2026, IMF working-level officials projected year-end inflation at 8.5%, reflecting conditions in mining, electricity, and the global economy, and growth forecasts are being adjusted depending on the timing of the agency's survey.
Country Definition
Zambia possesses a global copper production base and extensive agricultural resources, but it is a key mineral and industrial corridor country in Southern Africa that must address power shortages, inland logistics, public debt, and dependence on raw materials.
Why It Matters
Zambia holds a key position in the copper supply chain essential for the expansion of electric vehicles, power grids, renewable energy, and data centers. The U.S. Geological Survey classifies Zambia as the world's eighth-largest copper producer, and a new nickel mine in Kalumbila has also entered commercial production.
Although Zambia is a landlocked country with no direct connection to the sea, it borders eight countries: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. Consequently, national competitiveness is determined more by railway, road, border, warehouse, and power infrastructure connecting to ports than by the mines themselves.
The World Bank assesses that as Zambia implemented restructuring agreements on approximately 94% of its external debt, public debt decreased from 133.4% of GDP in 2023 to about 93.4% in 2025. However, even after debt restructuring, fiscal soundness, attracting investment, and diversifying growth industries are necessary.
Korea Perspective
For South Korea, Zambia is a strategic market that can connect copper and battery minerals, mining equipment, electricity, agriculture, and Southern African logistics, rather than just a simple source of raw ore .
The potential areas of cooperation for Korean companies are as follows.
- Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt Supply Chain
- Mining equipment and parts
- Ore dressing and smelting facilities
- Power Grid · ESS
- Solar power and distributed generation
- Smart farming
- Agri-food processing
- Refrigeration and storage
- Railways and Logistics
- Mine Safety and Environmental Management
However, changes in mineral prices, electricity supply, taxation and mining rights, exchange rates, and government policies must be managed over the long term.
Key Keywords
- Copper
- Critical Minerals
- Mining Services
- Hydropower
- Electricity Shortage
- Agriculture
- Debt Restructuring
- Landlocked Logistics
- Regional Corridor
- Economic Diversification
Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, with Lusaka as its capital. Copper, cobalt, and nickel mines are concentrated in the northern Copper Belt and the northwestern region, while Lusaka serves as a political, financial, and service hub. The area around Livingstone and Victoria Falls is a key region for the tourism industry.
As of July 2026, the President is Haqqa Inde Hitchilema, who took office in August 2021. With Zambia facing presidential and general elections on August 13, 2026, future policy continuity and fiscal management may be affected by the election results.
The government has pursued debt restructuring, fiscal stability, private investment, expansion of mining, and the recovery of electricity and agricultural production as key policy objectives. While the IMF acknowledges achievements in alleviating macroeconomic imbalances and fiscal consolidation, it remains wary of spending pressures related to wages, agricultural support, and elections.
Although Zambia has maintained a relatively stable political system, poverty, youth employment, regional disparities, the distribution of profits from mining development, and the improvement of public services remain ongoing social challenges.
Externally, it is diversifying investment relationships among China, South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Europe, and international financial institutions by utilizing the Community of Southern African Development, the Common Market for Southeast and Eastern Africa, and the Continental Free Trade Area of Africa.
Key Features
- landlocked resource country
- Presidential system and multi-party system
- copper mining-centered export economy
- Public debt restructuring in progress
- Election scheduled for August 2026
- Agriculture, hydropower, and tourism potential
- High youth employment and poverty challenges
- A logistics location connecting 8 surrounding countries
Zambia's economy consists of mining, agriculture, manufacturing, construction, distribution, telecommunications, finance, and tourism, but copper production and prices have a significant impact on exports, exchange rates, and public finances.
The IMF projected 5.8% growth in 2026 based on the recovery of mining activity, power production, and the service sector in January 2026; however, it subsequently lowered the forecast to 5.5% in March and to 4.3% on the latest country page, reflecting mining performance and energy constraints. The changes in forecasts demonstrate that the Zambian economy is sensitive to mining, electricity, agriculture, and international prices.
The World Bank estimates the growth rate at approximately 4.6% in 2025 and forecasts an average annual growth of 5.3% from 2026 to 2028. Agriculture, mining, agri-food processing, and related service industries are presented as major growth drivers.
Zambia became the first African country to declare sovereign default in 2020 following the COVID-19 pandemic, but proceeded with debt restructuring through the G20 joint framework. While debt restructuring serves as a foundation for reducing fiscal pressure, the challenge remains to attract productive investment and private capital rather than relying on new borrowing.
The domestic market is seeing expanding demand for food, housing, telecommunications, finance, transportation, healthcare, and education, driven by population growth and urbanization. However, significant regional disparities exist in income levels and purchasing power, and exchange rates, fuel prices, and electricity costs directly impact consumption and corporate costs.
Market characteristics
- Mining and copper-centered export economy
- Agricultural Recovery and Service Growth
- Improvement in macro stability following debt restructuring
- Sensitive to copper and exchange rate fluctuations
- High electricity and logistics costs
- Growing urban consumer market
- Infrastructure and housing demand
- High proportion of the informal economy
- Limited financial accessibility
- Need for industrial diversification
MarketHub Point
The key to the Zambian market lies not in copper production itself, but in expanding resource exports into an industrial ecosystem by connecting mining, power, railway, agriculture, and processing industries.
Zambia's key industries are copper and minerals, electricity, agriculture and food processing, construction, logistics, and tourism.
3.1 Copper, Cobalt, and Nickel
Zambia is a major global copper producer, with large-scale mining and smelting facilities distributed across the Copper Belt and the northwestern mining region. Copper is the center of exports and foreign exchange earnings, and cobalt, nickel, gold, and manganese are also produced.
The U.S. Geological Survey ranks Zambia as the world's eighth-largest copper producer. Additionally, the new nickel sulfide mine in Kalumvila is boosting the potential of the electric vehicle and battery supply chain.
The major opportunities for Korean companies are as follows.
- Mining excavation and transport equipment
- Crushing and beneficiation equipment
- Pumps and valves
- Power and substation facilities
- Mining automation
- Quality Analysis
- Industrial Safety
- Wastewater and mine water treatment
- Metal recycling
- Mineral traceability
The future challenge is to increase added value through smelting, processing, parts, and recycling, rather than stopping at the export of raw ore and concentrate.
3.2 Electric, Hydroelectric, and Renewable Energy
Zambia's power supply relies heavily on hydropower and is vulnerable to droughts and fluctuations in precipitation. A severe drought in 2024 reduced power generation, causing prolonged power restrictions for mining, manufacturing, and households.
The World Bank assessed the 2026 power crisis as both a constraint on growth and employment and an opportunity for reform, emphasizing the diversification of power sources, investment in transmission and distribution networks, improvement of electricity rates and fiscal structures, and expansion of private investment.
Promising fields are as follows.
- solar power
- ESS
- Power transmission and distribution facilities
- Transformer/Circuit Breaker
- Industrial self-generation
- Mini Grid
- hydroelectric power plant maintenance
- Mining Power Management
- smart meter
- Digitalization of the power grid
To achieve the goal of expanding the mining industry, a stable power supply must be secured simultaneously with the development of new mines.
3.3 Agriculture and Food Processing
Zambia possesses extensive arable land and water resources, and produces maize, soybeans, wheat, sugar, cotton, tobacco, livestock, and horticultural crops.
In 2025, agricultural production recovered following the drought, and a record corn harvest supported economic growth. However, agriculture remains vulnerable to rainfall, fertilizers and seeds, storage and transportation, and market access.
The major opportunities are as follows.
- Irrigation facilities
- Agricultural pump
- small agricultural machinery
- Seeds and fertilizers
- Grain storage silos
- food processing
- Livestock and feed
- Refrigeration and cold chain
- Smart farming
- Agricultural Product Quality Management
Along with expanding agricultural production, we must foster processing industries such as flour milling, edible oil, animal feed, meat processing, and frozen foods to increase employment and exports.
3.4 Manufactured and Industrial Goods
Zambia's manufacturing industry is centered on food and beverages, cement, fertilizers, metal processing, textiles, chemicals, plastics, and construction materials.
Since most of the equipment and parts required for mining and agriculture are imported, there is potential for local production in the following fields.
- Mining consumables
- metal parts
- Wires and cables
- Agricultural machinery assembly
- Fertilizers and agricultural inputs
- packaging materials
- construction materials
- Food and beverage processing
- Industrial chemical products
- Maintenance Service
Due to power shortages, financial costs, and a small domestic market, a regional production model that includes exports to neighboring countries is needed rather than relying solely on Zambia's market.
3.5 Tourism
Zambia has great potential for safari and ecotourism based on Victoria Falls, the Zambezi River, national parks, and wildlife.
The major opportunities are as follows.
- Hotels and Resorts
- ecotourism
- Air and land transport
- Tourism booking platform
- Eco-friendly accommodation
- Food and beverage supply
- Tourism personnel training
- National Park Management
Tourism can reduce dependence on mining and create local jobs, but air connectivity, roads, accommodation quality, and international marketing must be improved.
Key industries
- Copper, Cobalt, Nickel
- Mining services
- hydropower and solar power
- Agriculture and livestock
- food processing
- Cement and construction materials
- Transportation and Logistics
- Telecommunications and Finance
- sightseeing
- Environment and Water Resources
MarketHub Point
The conditions for Zambia's industrial growth require not only the expansion of copper mines but also the simultaneous establishment of power, parts, railways, smelting, manpower, and local suppliers.
Zambia's exports are concentrated on copper ore and concentrate, refined copper, cobalt and nickel, and other minerals. It also exports sugar, tobacco, grains, cotton, and some processed foods.
According to the WTO, Zambia's merchandise imports in 2024 amounted to approximately $11.27 billion, with a high proportion of imports of machinery, vehicles, fuel, electrical equipment, chemical products, and industrial materials. The simple average most-favored-nation tariff rate in 2025 was 14.6%.
Major trading partners include Switzerland, China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, and regional neighbors. Since Switzerland's weight may be influenced by international raw material brokerage and trading structures rather than the physical consumption market, it should be interpreted separately from final demand countries.
Since Zambia is a landlocked country, it utilizes multiple international logistics corridors.
- Tanzania Dar es Salaam Port Connection
- Tanzania–Zambia Railway
- South Africa and Zimbabwe Southern Corridor
- Mozambique Beira and Nacala Port Connection
- Angola Lobitu Corridor
- Namibia Walvis Bay connection
In particular, the Lobitu Corridor, which connects the mining region between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo with Lobitu Port in Angola, has significant strategic value in terms of diversifying the copper and cobalt supply chain and reducing logistics time.
Major trading partners and regions
- china
- Swiss
- South Africa
- Democratic Republic of Congo
- United Arab Emirates
- Tanzania
- Zimbabwe
- India
- European Union
- Other Southern African countries
Supply chain characteristics
- Concentration on copper and mineral exports
- Inland transportation cost burden
- Reliance on multiple port corridors
- Production disruptions due to power shortage
- Proportion of Chinese investment in mining and infrastructure
- Dependence on imports of mining equipment, fuel, and chemical products
- border customs delay
- Need for railway and road improvements
- Accessibility to local markets
- Increased demands for mineral tracking and ESG
MarketHub Point
The competitiveness of Zambia's supply chain is determined more by the stability of power, railways, roads, customs, and finance connecting mines to ports than by mineral reserves.
Business opportunities in Zambia are expanding in sectors connecting mining productivity, power supply, local processing, agricultural industrialization, and international logistics corridors , rather than in the development of minerals such as copper and nickel itself.
According to the U.S. International Trade Administration, Zambia's copper exports were projected to reach approximately $7.6 billion in 2024, accounting for over 75% of total export revenue and about 40% of government revenue. This demonstrates the strategic importance of mining as well as the economy's vulnerability to fluctuations in copper prices and production volumes.
5.1 Copper and Critical Minerals Supply Chain
The Zambian government intends to significantly expand copper production in the long term and foster local mineral processing and mining services industries. The World Bank assessed that the demand for skilled labor will increase significantly as Zambia pursues its goal to triple copper production by 2031.
The major opportunities for Korean companies are as follows.
- Excavation and transport equipment
- Crushing and beneficiation equipment
- Mining pumps and valves
- Transformers and power distribution equipment
- Mining automation
- Drones and surveying
- Quality analysis equipment
- Industrial Safety
- Mining water and wastewater treatment
- Supply of parts and consumables
A method that combines local maintenance centers, parts inventory, technical training, and long-term maintenance contracts is more advantageous than simple equipment sales.
5.2 Smelting and Metalworking
Zambia produces copper concentrate and refined copper, but its manufacturing base for cables, wires, metal parts, and finished products is relatively limited.
Promising fields are as follows.
- copper wires and cables
- Transformer parts
- Electrical equipment
- Metal plates and tubes
- Automotive and machinery parts
- Battery material pretreatment
- Waste metal recycling
- Quality and environmental facilities
Local processing businesses become more economically viable only when they simultaneously secure mineral supplies, electricity rates, logistics costs, and demand from neighboring countries.
5.3 Electric Power, ESS, and Industrial Self-Generation
Power shortages are one of the biggest constraints on industrial investment in Zambia. While the World Bank estimates the economic growth rate for 2025 at 3.8%, it analyzed that persistent power shortages and climate shocks are limiting the expansion of mining, manufacturing, and employment.
The potential areas of cooperation for Korean companies are as follows.
- Large-scale solar power
- Industrial ESS
- Mining self-generation
- Power transmission and distribution network
- Transformer/Circuit Breaker
- smart meter
- Mini Grid
- hydroelectric power plant maintenance
- Power grid operating system
- Energy efficiency
To reduce high dependence on hydropower, a business model that combines solar power, storage systems, and local power grids is important.
5.4 Agriculture and Agri-food Processing
Zambia is promoting agriculture as its most promising sector for economic diversification, aside from mining. Based on its vast land and water resources, as well as food demand from neighboring countries, it can expand the production of corn, soybeans, wheat, sugar, livestock, and horticultural crops.
The major business opportunities are as follows.
- Irrigation and water supply facilities
- Tractors and small agricultural machinery
- Seeds and fertilizers
- Grain drying and storage
- silo
- Milling and cooking oil
- Feed and Livestock
- meat processing
- Refrigeration/Freezing
- Packaging and quality inspection
Since expanding production alone may lead to sharp price drops and storage losses, agriculture, storage, processing, and distribution must be integrated.
5.5 Logistics, Railway, and Industrial Corridor
As Zambia is a landlocked country, the competitiveness of its mining and agricultural sectors is heavily dependent on transportation time and costs to ports. The U.S. International Trade Administration assesses that Zambian companies bear high transportation costs, even within Southern Africa.
The major opportunities are as follows.
- Railway vehicles and signals
- Locomotive and freight car maintenance
- Border Logistics Center
- mineral warehouse
- refrigerated logistics
- Trucks and parts
- Cargo tracking
- Digitalization of customs clearance
- industrial complex
- Multimodal transport
In particular, the Lobitu Corridor and the railway toward Tanzania are means of supply chain diversification that connect minerals from Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to ports in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
5.6 Construction and Urban Infrastructure
Due to urbanization and population growth, the demand for housing, roads, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, and commercial facilities is increasing.
The U.S. International Trade Administration assesses that construction and operation opportunities exist in health, education, water, sanitation, roads, railroads, and commercial real estate.
Promising fields are as follows.
- Water supply and sewage system
- Water purification
- Roads and bridges
- Hospitals and schools
- Modular construction
- construction materials
- Smart City
- Waste treatment
- industrial complex
- Public facility operation
For public works projects, the government's fiscal capacity and payment guarantees must be reviewed, and the utilization of multilateral development banks and public-private partnerships should be considered.
5.7 Digital & Fintech
In Zambia, demand for mobile payments, fintech, telecommunications, and e-government is expanding.
In 2024, the internet penetration rate was approximately 67.3%, and mobile money transaction volume exceeded approximately $18.6 billion. Cybersecurity, mobile finance, digital identity, and public administration systems are also sectors with high growth potential.
The major opportunities are as follows.
- mobile payment
- Financial Inclusion Service
- Mining and agriculture data
- e-government
- cybersecurity
- Logistics tracking
- Digital customs clearance
- remote education
- telemedicine
- cloud services
5.8 Market Entry Methods
In Zambia, local distribution, government relations, mining networks, and after-sales service have a significant impact on business viability.
Recommended entry structure
Sector & Corridor Selection
It distinguishes the Copper Belt and Northwest Mines, the Lusaka consumer market, agricultural regions, and logistics corridors.
↓
Local Partner Verification
Verify mining rights, delivery track record, financial status, and transaction history with the beneficial owner and government/public enterprises.
↓
Service-Based Entry
Along with equipment supply, we provide installation, training, parts, and maintenance.
↓
Regional Expansion
Utilize Zambia as a market entry point for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania.
Major Risks
- Copper price fluctuations
- Changes to mining tax system and mining rights
- Power shortage
- Exchange rate fluctuations
- High shipping costs
- border customs delay
- Public debt and fiscal constraints
- High domestic financial costs
- Licensing and administrative procedures
- Shortage of skilled labor
While Zambia's public debt is improving through restructuring and reforms, the IMF assesses that domestic and external debt risks remain at a high level.
MarketHub Point
In Zambia, companies that connect minerals, power, maintenance, railways, and local personnel into a single operating system can secure greater sustainability than an approach that sells equipment to a single mine.
The Zambian economy holds medium-term growth potential based on copper and nickel demand, agricultural recovery, power investment, and the effects of debt restructuring.
The IMF lowered its growth forecast for 2026 to 4.3%. The main reasons are lower-than-expected mining production, the normalization of unusually high agricultural production in 2025, a trade slowdown, energy constraints, and shocks in the Middle East.
The African Development Bank forecasts Zambia's growth rate for 2026 at 5.0%. Differences between institutions stem from variations in assumptions regarding mining production, power supply, and agricultural climate.
Future growth engines
Copper · Key Minerals
Increased investment in electric vehicles, power grids, renewable energy, and AI data centers can support copper demand.
Local processing of minerals
Expanding from the export of copper concentrate and refined copper to the wire, cable, and parts industries, as well as the recycling industry, can increase added value and employment.
Diversification of power sources
Mining and manufacturing production can be stabilized only by transitioning from a hydropower-centric model to one based on solar power, ESS, thermal power, and regional interconnection networks.
Agricultural industrialization
Expanding irrigation, mechanization, storage, and food processing can reduce dependence on mining and increase rural employment.
Logistics corridor
Improvements to the Lobitu Corridor, the Tanzania network, and the Southern Corridor can reduce export time and costs.
Digital and Financial Inclusion
Mobile finance and digital administration can connect the informal economy to the institutional sphere and improve financial accessibility for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Major Structural Challenges
- Concentration on copper exports
- unstable power supply
- high public debt
- Inland logistics costs
- Industrial and agricultural finance shortage
- Lack of linkage between mines and the local economy
- Shortage of skilled technical personnel
- Climate change and drought
- Poverty and Youth Employment
- Predictability of policies and tax systems
As of May 2026, inflation has largely stabilized, but the IMF assesses election-related spending, global economic uncertainty, and weakening fiscal discipline as major risks.
Market Position
Critical Mineral Hub + Southern Africa Industrial Corridor
An inland strategic country capable of connecting Southern Africa's industrial supply chains based on copper and nickel resources and agricultural, power, and logistics corridors
Key Opportunities
- Copper and Nickel Supply Chain
- Mining equipment and parts
- Smelting and metalworking
- Solar Power & ESS
- Power transmission and distribution facilities
- Agriculture and food processing
- Railways and Logistics
- water treatment
- digital finance
- Tourism and urban infrastructure
Recommended Strategy
Mining Service Entry
We will enter the market focusing on mining equipment, parts, power, and maintenance services.
↓
Local Value Addition
Foster the processing of copper and agricultural products and local suppliers.
↓
Regional Corridor Expansion
Utilize Zambia as a logistics hub for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the markets of Southern and East Africa.
Korea Opportunity Index
Opportunity Level: High
Zambia possesses copper and nickel necessary for Korea's electrical, electronic, battery, power, and industrial machinery supply chains, and there is a high potential to apply Korean technology to mining operations and agricultural industrialization.
The promising areas of cooperation for South Korea are as follows.
- mining equipment
- Electricity and ESS
- Wires and cables
- Battery minerals
- water treatment
- Smart farming
- food processing
- Railways and Logistics
- Digital administration
- Vocational technical education
Korean companies should consider a strategy that combines equipment, power, processing, training, and long-term purchasing contracts, rather than focusing solely on securing raw ore.
Risk Screening
Mining rights and taxation
↓
Electricity and water
↓
Railway and port corridors
↓
Exchange Rates, Debt, and Settlements
↓
Local Partners · ESG
Final Assessment
Zambia has high potential for growth based on its copper, nickel, and agricultural resources, but its actual industrial competitiveness depends on how well it improves power, processing, logistics, workforce, and financial stability together.
Scope of investigation
This document was prepared by cross-referencing the latest official data, focusing on Zambia's macroeconomy, public debt, copper and nickel mining, electricity, agriculture, manufacturing, logistics corridors, and digital economy, as well as the potential for industrial cooperation with Korea.
International organizations and overseas agencies
- International Monetary Fund
- World Bank
- African Development Bank
- World Trade Organization
- UN Trade and Development
- US Geological Survey
- US International Trade Administration
- International Energy Agency
- Food and Agriculture Organization
Zambian government and institutions
- Government of Zambia
- Ministry of Finance and National Planning
- Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development
- Ministry of Energy
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Bank of Zambia
- Zambia Revenue Authority
- Zambia Development Agency
- Zambia Statistics Agency
- Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation
- Zambia Railways
Republic of Korea institutions
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- KOTRA
- Korea International Trade Association
- Korea Export-Import Bank
- Korea Trade Insurance Corporation
- Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation
- Korea Electric Power Corporation
- Korea Rural Community Corporation
- KOICA
Key Review Materials
- IMF, Zambia: Sixth Review under the Extended Credit Facility
- IMF, Zambia Staff Visit, May 2026
- IMF, Zambia Country Data
- World Bank, Zambia Economic Update: Electricity, May 2026
- World Bank, Powering Zambia's Transformation
- World Bank, Analysis Data on Critical Minerals and Manpower
- African Development Bank, Zambia Economic Outlook 2026
- US International Trade Administration, Zambia Country Commercial Guide 2026
- WTO, Zambia Trade and Tariff Profile
- USGS, Copper and Nickel Mineral Statistics
Writing Verification
This document was prepared according to the following criteria.
- Reflecting the IMF's latest downward revision of the 2026 growth rate
- Comparison with World Bank and African Development Bank forecasts
- Explaining the difference in growth rates as differences in mining, agriculture, and electricity assumptions
- Reflecting dependence on copper exports and government imports
- Separate and analyze mining equipment and local processing opportunities
- Reflecting reliance on hydropower and risk of power shortages
- Integrated analysis of agriculture, processing, storage, and distribution
- Reflection of the multiple logistics corridor structure of landlocked countries
- Public Debt Restructuring Achievements and Residual Risks
- Linking Korea's mineral, power, agriculture, and logistics capabilities
- Adhere to the order of Table of Contents 0–8 of the WCI-001 Golden Template.
- Apply MarketHub World Country Intelligence standard format
Zambia is a key resource country in Southern Africa, possessing world-class copper and nickel resources and an extensive agricultural base.
However, it is difficult to achieve stable growth solely through the expansion of copper production. Power shortages, inland logistics, debt, the skilled workforce, and low local processing rates must be addressed together.
South Korea can go beyond being merely a buyer of minerals and establish a long-term industrial cooperation model that combines mining equipment, power and ESS, metal processing, railways and logistics, smart agriculture, and technical education.
Final evaluation
Zambia is a strategic country capable of connecting the copper and nickel supply chain with the Southern African Industrial Corridor, and for Korea, it is a high-potential market where resource acquisition and industrial cooperation can be pursued simultaneously.